Background: Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and smart technologies are transforming dental education, providing new opportunities for innovative learning experiences and the development of clinical skills. This review examines the applications, challenges, and ethical considerations of AI and smart technologies within dental education, focusing on their effects on educational quality and student preparedness.
Materials and Methods: This narrative review is based on a comprehensive literature search conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ERIC databases for articles published up to April 2025 in English or French. The search strategy included keywords related to artificial intelligence, smart technologies, dental education, virtual reality, augmented reality, ethics, and associated challenges. Selection of relevant studies was performed independently by two reviewers.
Results: The integration of AI and smart technologies has significantly enhanced learning processes, clinical decision-making, and practical skill acquisition in dental education. AI-based systems, particularly in radiographic interpretation, have improved diagnostic accuracy and consistency while reducing human error. Adaptive learning tools and automated assessments provide personalized education tailored to individual student needs. Virtual and augmented reality technologies offer interactive and safe simulation environments, further strengthening practical training. However, challenges remain, including the need for continuous curriculum updates, faculty training, adequate technological infrastructure, and careful attention to ethical issues such as data privacy, algorithmic bias, and equitable access. Addressing these challenges is crucial for the responsible and effective use of AI in dental education.
Conclusion: The integration of artificial intelligence and smart technologies has enhanced educational quality, diagnostic accuracy, and clinical skills in dental students. However, fully realizing these benefits requires ongoing curriculum updates, faculty training, robust infrastructure, and adherence to ethical principles. Emphasizing these elements is vital for the responsible and sustainable use of AI in dental education.